Basic Archery Technique

The technique of archery is usually analyzed by the following elements: manufacture, grip, grip, onion tension, release (descent), breath control, aiming.

Grip Tightening Bow Issue (descent) Breathing Sighting Control

Archery is the process of performing a complex motor action, the main elements of which are the tension of the bow and the release of the string. Archery technique is the best way to do this propulsion. Each archer has its own shooting technique, as all people differ in physical development, body structure, body weight and other parameters. Technical elements when shooting from a sporty classic bow differ from the technique of shooting from block onions.

THE FABRIC.

The preparation of the archer is determined by the position of the athlete's legs, torso, hands and head. Let's take a look at each element of archer's production separately.

The position of the legs.

The archer (right-handed) usually stands on the left side to the target. The legs, which represent support for the whole body, as the shooting is conducted in an upright position, should be straightened. The tension of the respective muscles creates a minimum of internal degrees of freedom for the lower limbs and lower torso, i.e. movements in all joints (ankle, knee, hip) should be minimal. This is a prerequisite for maintaining balance and reducing oscillations to ensure the immobility of the shooter-weapon system. Naturally, the overexertion of the muscles of the legs and torso is not enough thymo, because it can cause coordination in the system of control of the main movements.

The feet are located apart about the width of the shoulders, the socks are slightly deployed to the sides. The position of the foot should be constant, not change from shot to shot. It is determined by the location of the characteristic points of the feet (the front and back points of the axis running through the middle of the heel and the middle of the thumb).

There are three main variants of the production: open, side, closed.

The choice of this or that option depends on the individual characteristics of the archer. These variants mainly differ in the position of the torso relative to the target line, which is determined primarily by the position of the feet.

• The open production of the archer is characterized by the smallest angle between the hand holding the bow and the shoulder line (corner of the making). At the same time, the feet are located in such a way that the foot of the right foot is in front of the left, i.e. the axis of the support area passes at an angle to the direction of fire. The torso is turned to the target to a greater extent than in other variants of the manufacture.
• Side production is characterized by a greater angle of manufacture than when open, while the feet are located almost parallel.
• Closed-up manufacturing. It is characterized by the greatest angle of manufacture: the right leg is located slightly behind the left.

The picture shows the position of the legs in the octrath, lateral and closed types of manufacture.

The most common now is lateral production.

All three varieties of production in archery are divided into preliminary and basic.

Preliminary production consists in the performance of movements that ensure the correct staging of the feet relative to each other and the orientation of the torso relative to the target line. The head is usually slightly turned towards the target. The bow either holds on to the weight of the left hand lowered along the torso, or rests the lower shoulder on the left foot and is held by the left hand, bent in the elbow joint.

The main fabrication is to perform the necessary actions for the shooter to take a position with a stretched bow up to the touch of certain (individual) orientation points on the face (chin, tip of the nose, etc.).

The position of the torso.

In the production of the arrow from the bow, this position can be assessed by a conditional vertical axis. Depending on the individual characteristics, this axis can be positioned strictly vertically or with a slight inclination forward. In this position of the torso, it is easier to reduce unwanted touch and pressure of the string on the shooter's chest.

The position of the torso must be subject to the basic requirement - to create a biomechanical support and preserve it for the duration of the shot. In this regard, the work of the muscles of the torso should be as less variable as possible, which requires constant training.

The position of the torso is determined by the location of its characteristic points (belly, pelvis, as well as the axis running through the hip joints).

Head position.

The shooter's head is turned face to target. The muscles of the neck, which hold the head upright and participate in the turn of the head, should not be unnecessarily strained. Otherwise, it can disrupt blood flow, lead to excessive tension of the muscles of the torso and arm, which performs the tension of the onion, which, in turn, can cause discoordination of movements and, as a result, the occurrence of errors. The position of the head should be monotonous and not change in the process of shooting, otherwise it can negatively affect the quality of aiming.

The distance between the eyes (leading eye) and the tailings of the arrow should always be constant, so the teeth should be tightly compressed. Points (point) of contact between the string and face (the tip of the nose, the middle of the chin, the right of the face) should be permanent.

The lower jaw should come into close contact with the top of the brush and fingertip, as the hand, performing the tension of the bow, moves along the jawbone and the monotonous place of touch serves as a constant guide to the correctness of the hand movement.

The leading eye should be located at some (same) distance from the plane of the shot in order that the aunt does not obscure the fly of the sight.

The position of the hand holding the bow.

The left (usually) hand holding the bow is raised to the target, straightened and is in relation to the axis of the spinal column at about an angle of 90 degrees (the change in this angle depends on the firing distance).

The arm must be straightened and fixed in the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints. This consolidation is done at the expense of simultaneous tension of muscle antagonists for each joint. The hand holding the onion actively resists the increasing pressure of the onion during its tension. The brush, forearm and shoulder during tension and retention of the stretched bow should be a rigid system along with the shoulder belt and head.

Grip.

The position of the brush is determined by the chosen method of holding the onion(grabbing). To hold the onion there are several types of grip, varying in the location of the palm and fingers on the handle of the bow: low, medium, high.

Each of them has its pros and cons. Common to all types of grip is that the handle of the bow is inserted into the "fork" formed by the thumb and fore index finger.

At low grip, the rear part of the handle rests tightly on the base of the thumb, and the lateral is tightly adjacent to the muscles of the palm. The conditional axis of the wrist joint is located at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the shot. The middle part of the brush is located at an angle of 120 degrees to the forearm. With a low grip, the area of contact between the palm and the handle is the largest.

With an average grip, the area of contact is significantly reduced due to the fact that the brush is straightened, the angle in relation to the forearm is about 180 degrees, and therefore the bend between the brush and the forearm is almost non-existent. The base of the thumb and the lower part of the palm do not touch the handle of the bow.

With a high grip, the brush is slightly lowered downwards in relation to the pretence, and the area of its contact with the handle of the bow is even reduced.

The position of the forearm is mainly dictated by the need to provide a free pass of the string when shooting. To do this, the shoulder must be pierced in the shoulder joint so as to create a minimum of forearm surfaces protruding towards the plane. The joint of the forearm with the shoulder should be rigid, these two links are a single whole. Due to internal forces, it is necessary to eliminate possible degrees of freedom in the elbow and wrist joints.

The position of the right hand.

This is the hand that captures, holds and releases the string, and participates in the tension of the bow.

capture.

Capture in archery technique is a way of holding the string - can be deep and medium.

The most common is deep capture. It is characterized by the fact that the hand, which carries out the grip, is located perpendicular to the string (before the tension of the bow). The tetiva is captured by three (sometimes two) fingers in such a way that the load on them was as even as possible, and the aunt was located on the extreme bend of the distal phalanx of fingers (indicative, middle, nameless). The rest of the fingers and palm should be straightened as far as possible. The thumb and little finger as far as possible should be relaxed. At the average capture of the tetiva is about the middle of the distal phalanx of fingers. The tail of the arrow is placed between the index and middle fingers and should not be touched or clamped when the bow is stretched and the arrow is released. To this end, a supinator is installed on the fingertip.

After the capture, the left hand lifts the bow, the right hand, being in a semi-bent state, holds the string.

Before the tension, the right shoulder and forearm are located in a horizontal plane, with the shoulder joint should be lowered if possible, the elbow of the right hand is somewhat raised in relation to the longitudinal axis of the arrow.

When shooting from block onions, a special technical device called release is usually used to capture and hold the string.

In this case, the release, depending on the design, is either held by the fingers of the right hand (T-shaped), or fastened with a leather strap on the forearm (carpal).

Stretching the onion.

Moving all the links of the right half of the upper limb belt must be coordinated so that the aunt moves in the plane of the bow. When it is stretched, the position of the fingers on the string and the general position of the brush relative to the plane of the shot should not change.

The tension of the onion is carried out simultaneously by the muscles of the right arm and back. The initial tension phase (first phase) of the onion is carried out mainly by the muscles of the right hand. The average (second), and especially the final (third) phase of onion tension, are performed mainly due to the contraction of the back muscles that lead the shoulder blade to the spine.

The final tension phase of the bow is most important, because just before it begins, the hand involved in the tension of the bow passes (or is fixed - depending on the variety of technique) through certain points of contact located on the face (the tip of the nose and the middle of the chin, or only the chin, etc.). In the event that the brush is fixed under the chin, it has some varieties depending on the position of the fingers: sub-jawed, readable, snuff.

Currently, the most common has received submandic fixation, when the brush is under the chin, thumb and little finger as relaxed as possible. After fixing and refining the aiming, the brush continues its movement along the jawbone by contracting the muscles of the back and arm. This movement after the fixation is called "dot-land."

In another version of the technique, the right hand touches the face at the same points (the main thing is that these landmarks are always permanent), but does not stop, and as the aiming is refined slowly moves backwards along the jawbone, i.e. the force for tension of the bow does not stop.

During the final phase of the onion tension, when the brush, being under the chin, moves backwards along the jawbone by contracting the muscles of the arm and back (the main work in this phase should be to go to the muscles of the back), the arrow comes out from under the clicker, the click will be given and the release occurs. The main requirement for the final phase of the onion tension is to continue non-stop after the clicker is clicked and when the arrow is released.

When the block bow is stretched, its character changes. this is due to the design of the weapon. The main effort to perform tension develops in the initial (first) phase (70% of the force of the onion tension). In the second phase there is a fairly sharp decrease in the amount of force (30% of the force of onion tension). In the third (final) phase of onion tension, the tension of the muscles is much less than in its first phase. It is about 30% of the force of the onion tension and practically does not change as the hand approaches to certain points of fixation on the face.

Taking into account these features, it is necessary to pay special attention to the position and work of the hand holding the bow, as it is subject to increased requirements to maintain a reliable emphasis in the bow both during the first and during the second phase of its tension.

It should also be noted that when sporting block archery with the use of a blurr, the right hand brush in the final phase of tension, as a rule, is to the right of the face and touches the right cheek, rather than located under the jawbone, the toe as such is not performed. However, the tension of the muscles of the back and arm, performing the tension of the bow during the fixation of the brush and the discharge (release) of the string, should be sufficient for its retention and even subjectively should be felt its increase. This can prevent uncontrollable relaxation of the back and arm muscles and the "surrender" of the right hand forward.

The movement of the finger triggering (pressure on the trigger or the trigger of the breaker) should be smooth and autonomous, so as not to cause an uncontrolled increase in tension on the muscle groups involved directly in the execution of this movement.

Issue (descent).

Descent - This is the release of the string from capture. It is performed during the final phase of the onion tension. The main requirement for release is instant, simultaneous and complete relaxation of the fingers holding the string. If this condition is met, the aunt as if she opens completely relaxed fingers and comes off them with a minimum deviation from the plane of the shot.

Relaxing your fingers and releasing the string from capture occurs at the click of a clicker, but you should always remember that the tension of the bow after the clicker and at the time of release should not be interrupted.

In the case of a release, the fingers of the hand that tighten the bow and hold the string are not directly involved in its release. Release in this case can be called a descent, because depending on the design of the release archer presses with his thumb or index finger on a special trigger or trigger, which activates the trigger to release the string.

Using the release, it is possible to achieve a minimal deviation of the string and bow from the plane of the shot, and this reduces the deformation of the arrow, which eventually positively affects the heap of shooting.

Breathing control.

When firing a shot, the archer strives for the best stability of the "shooter-weapon" system. To do this, there is a need to stop breathing at the time of its execution, i.e. to exclude unwanted movements of the chest. Breathing retention at 10-15c. is not a problem even for an untrained person. This time is enough to execute a shot. As the bow is stretched and directly in front of it, the breath becomes more superficial and is delayed by the archer on a natural breathing pause, and the stop should be at a moment a little less than half-breath. This is the most rational and natural stop of breathing, in which there is a small tone of the respiratory muscles, corresponding to the overall tone of the body.

The level of oxygen in the blood and its reserve in the lungs is sufficient for the normal functioning of all the body's systems during 10-15c. And as training is pushed back reflex threshold urges to inhale while reducing oxygen in the blood.

With such retention of breath, the archer does not experience oxygen starvation, i.e. there is no hypoxia, and therefore there is no need for hyperventilation of the lungs. In the case of hyperventilation of the lungs, there may be an undesirable phenomenon for the archer of oxygen oversaturation of blood, which causes mild dizziness, coordination of movements and loss of stability.

aiming.

The aiming technique is to hover and hold the fly in the area of aiming in the center of the target (usually). The fly can be rectangular, trapezoidal, in the form of a dot, round and circular. During the sighting, the archer mostly sees the sighting device, string and target. The eye device does not allow the sighting device, string and target, i.e. three different objects, to be seen equally clearly at the same time. Therefore, the eye is focused in such a way that the fly is most clearly visible, the target is less clearly visible and even less clearly tetiva. Thetiva can be on the right or left of the fly, which is not of fundamental importance. The basic requirement is that the aunt always be on the same side of the fly and at the same distance from it.

When aiming when shooting a classic bow, it is important to remember that the hand that performs the tension of the bow should touch the jawbone and slowly move backwards by contracting the muscles of the arm and back. The mouth should be tightly closed.

These actions must be controlled, otherwise the distance between the eyes and the arrow may change, which will lead to an error in aiming.

When aiming from a block bow, a level is usually used to control the position of the bow in the horizontal plane, the optical sight and the peep site (a special device with a small hole, which is attached to the string at the level of the eye involved in the aiming). So we can talk about a certain combination of dioptra with an optical sight. At full tension of the arrow's eye bow, the middle of the hole (dioptra) of the peep site, the fly and the point of aiming are located on one straight line.

The line formed by the pupil of the eye, the fly and the point of sight is called the sight line.

The target area is a circle area limited by a circle with a center at the point of sight. It may be larger or smaller depending on the degree of stability of the onion position. The higher the level of skill of the archer, the less the area of oscillation of the fly sight.

The position of the head should provide the best position of the eyes. The muscles of the neck should never be overstretched, which can lead to discoordination of actions in the final phase of onion tension.